On Saturday and Sunday (11-12 ottobre), in molte città italiane saranno allestiti banchetti di raccolta firme per il referendum abrogativo, vale a dire per la cessazione di efficacia, del Lodo Alfano . Prima di decidere se firmare o meno, vi propongo una breve e modestissima occhiata sulla tanto discussa legge, ma ancor prima due rapide osservazioni sulla locuzione "lodo":
«Dal latino láudum (latino medievale: "approvare"), decisione con cui un arbitro o un collegio di arbitri dirime (risolve) una controversia. Ma anche compromesso, accordo fra parti aventi interessi contrastanti».
E' un provvedimento che segue l'iter di una legge ed arriva ad acquisirne l'efficacia come una legge dello Stato, ma si continua a chiamarlo "lodo" perchè fin da quando apparve la prima volta nella storia della Repubblica col "lodo De Gasperi", la stampa e la consuetudine dell'utilizzo hanno fatto sì che il termine rimanesse per evitare ambiguità, e per poterlo distinguere rispetto all'oggetto di riferimento.
Dunque , il Lodo Alfano si concretizza nella legge n. 124 del 23 luglio 2008, realizzandosi in un solo articolo (totale 8 commi):
«Disposizioni in materia di sospensione del processo penale nei confronti delle alte cariche dello Stato»
1. Salvi i casi previsti dagli articoli 90 e 96 della Costituzione, i processi penali nei confronti dei soggetti che rivestono la qualità President of the Republic, President of the Senate, President of the Chamber of Deputies and President of the Council of Ministers shall be suspended from the date of the appointment until the termination of office or function. The suspension also applies to prosecutions for acts committed prior to the taking of office or function.
2. The accused or his defense lawyer with special power of attorney may at any time the suspension.
3. The suspension does not prevent the court, if necessary conditions are met, to provide, in accordance with Articles 392 and 467 of the Criminal Procedure Code, for the taking of evidence is not postponed.
4. The provisions of Article 159 of the Criminal Code.
5. The suspension of work for the entire term of office or function and is not repeatable, except for re-appointment during the same term or apply in case of subsequent induction of an office or in other functions.
6. In the case of suspension does not apply the provisions of Article 75, paragraph 3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. When the plaintiffs moved in a civil action, the words to appear in Article 163-bis of the Code of Civil Procedure, shall be reduced by half, and the court shall determine the order of discussion of the causes giving precedence the process moved on action.
7. The provisions of this Article shall also apply to criminal trials in progress at any stage, rank or status, the date of entry into force of this Act.
8. This Act comes into force on the day following its publication in the Official Gazette.
Now, on the one hand the necessity to respect the fundamental principles of, and secondly the need for protection of particular institutional roles. But legal protection of the function (and not the person) is already in the Constitution (Article 68-69-90).
A general protection instead, which is not included In no text could be considered unconstitutional .. Hence the question whether the measure responds to real needs of a general nature - as cited in DDL card reading "The Court held that the peaceful conduct of the functions of interest, which it calls the" appreciable "and may be protected; - or whether it serves the needs of particular and contingent nature ..
I therefore urge you to consider, and if you like, leave a comment.
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